A set of videos to help you write up your advanced higher project report.
In this section I’ll add information about how to write up your AH Project. Here is the first installment. Nothing great, but just to set up your document so that you gain the Structure mark
Being edited!
If you’ve time this is a great little document from Queen’s University Belfast,
Resources: Notes and video (flash learning AH CfE Virtual Physics)
Read the notes, watch the video and answer the questions below, in a way that makes them form a good note about the subject.
Here is a nice little video on Standing Waves. Standing waves are formed when a wave interferes with its reflection to produce nodes and antinodes.
…..and here is the explanation for the standing wave video
Below are some cracking resources from Sally Weatherly, find her here!
Below are some accumulated resources. Thanks to all of those who produced them.
ah-quanta-summary notes problems-2015 Thanks to RGC for these notes
quanta-and-waves-student-booklet-i-ror Thanks to Mr Orr for these.
Quanta and Waves Student booklet I ROR pdf version of the above
4.2 Energy changes during simple harmonic motion
ah waves summary notes and problems 2013 RGC notes thanks for these
PhysicsQuantaandWaves_tcm4-726389 Andrew McGuigan Numerical Questions
ah quanta summary notes and problems 2015 LA
ah quanta tutorial solutions 2015
ah uncertainties experiments 2013
ah waves summary notes and problems 2013
ah waves tutorial solutions 2013
stellar physics pdf stellar physics.doc
Properties_of_stars_and_stellar_evolution
cosmic-rays A quick research task on cosmic rays.
cosmic-rays-answers The answers to the sheet above.
solar-wind-magnetosphere-answers
Scientist think that the Earth is due a “Magnetic Flip” Research this starting at the link below and then answer the AH Revised question on this from the 2015 Paper Q11
Here is a Radio 4 programme talking about the consequences of a polar flip. If you want to view further programmes click on the link below.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/curious case of Rutherford and Fry
The number of sunspots is an indication of solar activity. Research this and then complete the AH Revised 2013 paper Q6.
Quantum Tunnelling – strange but true
Background
What is the Uncertainty Principle? Minute Physics
Quantum Tunnelling is the process by which a particle gets across a barrier that it cannot classically pass.
It is related to wave-particle duality in that it is a result of the wave nature of a particle.
The probability of the particles getting through the barrier drops exponentially with the thickness of the barrier.
“>What is Quantum Tunnelling? Minute Physics
How to walk through walls- Quantum Tunnelling
Is Quantum Tunnelling faster than the speed of light?
PhysicsQuantaandWaves_tcm4-726389
Tutorial AH Revised Booklet v2
December 2020
Here is a little document to start you on some revision. The answers are given at the end, but don’t cheat.
definitions RM&A pdf definitions RM&A word
I’ll add some more on other topics later.
Thanks to H Stark for her 10 week Revision Plan, you’ve just enough time if you start NOW!
PhysicsElectromagnetismAH_tcm4-726384 Questions on the electromagnetism topic
ah electromagnetism summary notes 2013 Robert Gordon’s College brilliant notes
ah electromagnetism problems 2013
These are great little notes by F Kastelein on Unit 3 Electromagnetism. A lovely summary
Here is a great little video on Lenz’ Law called Michael’s Toys
I’ve put together, with Mrs Mac’s help, a document with quantity, symbol, unit and unit symbol so that you know the meaning of the terms in the Relationships Sheet. It is in EXCEL so that you can sort it by course, quantity or symbol.
Quantity, Symbol, Units the excel sheet
Quantity, Symbol, Units a pdf sheet sorted by course and then alphabetical by quantity.
This is the same information in readily available Tablepress form. If you click on the Higher tab at the top it should sort by terms that you need in alphabetical order, or search for a term. Let me know if I’ve missed any.
| N | H | A | Physical Quantity | sym | Unit | Unit Abb. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | absorbed dose | D | gray | Gy | ||
| 5 | absorbed dose rate | H (dot) | gray per second gray per hour gray per year | Gys -1 Gyh -1 Gyy -1 | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | acceleration | a | metre per second per second | m s -2 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | acceleration due to gravity | g | metre per second per second | m s -2 |
| 5 | activity | A | becquerel | Bq | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | amplitude | A | metre | m |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | angle | θ | degree | ° |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | area | A | square metre | m 2 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | average speed | v (bar) | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | average velocity | v (bar) | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | change of speed | ∆v | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | change of velocity | ∆v | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | count rate | - | counts per second (counts per minute) | - | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | current | I | ampere | A |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | displacement | s | metre | m |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | distance | d | metre, light year | m , ly |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | distance, depth, height | d or h | metre | m |
| 5 | effective dose | H | sievert | Sv | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | electric charge | Q | coulomb | C |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | electric charge | Q or q | coulomb | C |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | electric current | I | ampere | A |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | energy | E | joule | J |
| 5 | equivalent dose | H | sievert | Sv | ||
| 5 | equivalent dose rate | H (dot) | sievert per second sievert per hour sievert per year | Svs -1 Svh -1 Svy -1 | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | final velocity | v | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | force | F | newton | N |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | force, tension, upthrust, thrust | F | newton | N |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | frequency | f | hertz | Hz |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | gravitational field strength | g | newton per kilogram | N kg -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | gravitational potential energy | E p | joule | J |
| 5 | half-life | t 1/2 | second (minute, hour, day, year) | s | ||
| 5 | 6 | heat energy | Eh | joule | J | |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | height, depth | h | metre | m |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | initial speed | u | metre per second | m/s |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | initial velocity | u | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | kinetic energy | Ek | joule | J |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | length | l | metre | m |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | mass | m | kilogram | kg |
| 5 | number of nuclei decaying | N | - | - | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | period | T | second | s |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | potential difference | V | volt | V |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | potential energy | Ep | joule | J |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | power | P | watt | W |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | pressure | P or p | pascal | Pa |
| 5 | radiation weighting factor | wR | - | - | ||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | radius | r | metre | m |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | resistance | R | ohm | Ω |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | specific heat capacity | c | joule per kilogram per degree Celsius | Jkg-1 °C -1 |
| 5 | 6 | specific latent heat | l | joule per kilogram | Jkg -1 | |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | speed of light in a vacuum | c | metre per second | m s -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | speed, final speed | v | metre per second | ms -1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | speed, velocity, final velocity | v | metre per second | m s-1 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | supply voltage | Vs | volt | V |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | temperature | T | degree Celsius | °C |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | temperature | T | kelvin | K |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | time | t | second | s |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | total resistance | R | ohm | Ω |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | voltage | V | volt | V |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | voltage, potential difference | V | volt | V |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | volume | V | cubic metre | m3 |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | weight | W | newton | N |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | work done | W or E W | joule | J |
| 7 | angle | θ | radian | rad | ||
| 7 | angular acceleration | a | radian per second per second | rad s -2 | ||
| 7 | angular displacement | θ | radian | rad | ||
| 7 | angular frequency | ω | radian per second | rad s -1 | ||
| 7 | angular momentum | L | kilogram metre squared per second | kg m2 s -1 | ||
| 7 | angular velocity, final angular velocity | ω | radian per second | rad s-1 | ||
| 7 | apparent brightness | b | Watts per square metre | Wm-2 | ||
| 7 | back emf | e | volt | V | ||
| 6 | 7 | capacitance | C | farad | F | |
| 7 | capacitive reactance | Xc | ohm | W | ||
| 6 | critical angle | θc | degree | ° | ||
| density | ρ | kilogram per cubic metre | kg m-3 | |||
| 7 | displacement | s or x or y | metre | m | ||
| efficiency | η | - | - | |||
| 6 | 7 | electric field strength | E | newton per coulomb volts per metre | N C -1 Vm -1 |
|
| 7 | electrical potential | V | volt | V | ||
| 6 | 7 | electromotive force (e.m.f) | E or ε | volt | V | |
| 6 | energy level | E 1 , E 2 , etc | joule | J | ||
| feedback resistance | Rf | ohm | Ω | |||
| focal length of a lens | f | metre | m | |||
| 6 | frequency of source | fs | hertz | Hz | ||
| 6 | 7 | fringe separation | ∆x | metre | m | |
| 6 | 7 | grating to screen distance | D | metre | m | |
| 7 | gravitational potential | U or V | joule per kilogram | J kg-1 | ||
| half-value thickness | T1/2 | metre | m | |||
| 6 | 7 | impulse | (∆p) | newton second kilogram metre per second | Ns kgms-1 |
|
| 7 | induced e.m.f. | E or ε | volt | V | ||
| 7 | inductor reactance | XL | ohm | W | ||
| 7 | initial angular velocity | ω o | radian per second | rad s-1 | ||
| input energy | E i | joule | J | |||
| input power | Pi | watt | W | |||
| input voltage | V 1 or V2 | volt | V | |||
| input voltage | V i | volt | V | |||
| 6 | internal resistance | r | ohm | Ω | ||
| 6 | 7 | irradiance | I | watt per square metre | W m-1 | |
| 7 | luminoscity | L | Watt | W | ||
| 7 | magnetic induction | B | tesla | T | ||
| 7 | moment of inertia | I | kilogram metre squared | kg m2 | ||
| 6 | 7 | momentum | p | kilogram metre per second | kg m s-1 | |
| 6 | number of photons per second per cross sectional area | N | - | - | ||
| number of turns on primary coil | n p | - | - | |||
| number of turns on secondary coil | n s | - | - | |||
| 6 | observed wavelength | λ observed | metre | m | ||
| output energy | E o | joule | J | |||
| output power | P o | watt | W | |||
| output voltage | V o | volt | V | |||
| 6 | peak current | Ipeak | ampere | A | ||
| 6 | peak voltage | V peak | volt | V | ||
| 7 | phase angle | Φ | radian | rad | ||
| 6 | 7 | Planck’s constant | h | joule second | Js | |
| 7 | polarising angle (Brewster’s angle) | i p | degree | ̊ | ||
| power (of a lens) | P | dioptre | D | |||
| power gain | Pgain | - | - | |||
| 7 | Power per unit area | Watts per square metre | Wm-2 | |||
| primary current | I p | ampere | A | |||
| primary voltage | Vp | volt | V | |||
| 7 | radial acceleration | ar | metre per second per second | m s-2 | ||
| 6 | redshift | z | - | - | ||
| 6 | 7 | refractive index | n | - | - | |
| 6 | relativistic length | l' | metre | m | ||
| 6 | relativistic time | t' | second | s | ||
| rest mass | mo | kilogram | kg | |||
| 6 | rest wavelength | λrest | metre | m | ||
| 6 | root mean square current | I rms | ampere | A | ||
| 6 | root mean square voltage | Vrms | volt | V | ||
| 7 | rotational kinetic energy | Erot | joule | J | ||
| 7 | schwarzchild radius | rSchwarzchild | metre | m | ||
| secondary current | Is | ampere | A | |||
| secondary voltage | Vs | volt | V | |||
| 7 | self-inductance | L | henry | H | ||
| 6 | 7 | slit separation | d | metre | m | |
| 7 | tangential acceleration | at | metre per second per second | m s-2 | ||
| 6 | threshold frequency | fo | hertz | Hz | ||
| 7 | time constant | t | second | s | ||
| 7 | torque | Τ | newton metre | Nm | ||
| 7 | uncertainty in Energy | ∆E | joule | J | ||
| 7 | uncertainty in momentum | ∆px | kilogram metre per second | kgms-1 | ||
| 7 | uncertainty in position | ∆x | metre | m | ||
| 7 | uncertainty in time | ∆t | second | s | ||
| 6 | velocity of observer | vo | metre per second | m s-1 | ||
| 6 | velocity of source | vs | metre per second | m s-1 | ||
| voltage gain | - | - | - | |||
| voltage gain | Ao or V gain | - | - | |||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | wavelength | λ | metre | m |
| 6 | work function | W | joule | J |
Hi Folks! I had planned to finish these before the October hols! Sorry too much on. This is as far as I’ve got and I’ll update it a.s.a.p.
If you update it let me know. I’ll put the answers into a table of 2 columns so that if you fold down the middle they can be cue cards.
| Type | Yr | Q No. | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trad | 2001 | 4 b | a (OR F) is directly proportional to -x Usual now to use -y rather than -x |
| Trad | 2001 | 5 aii | (Electrostatic potential at a point) is the work done per unit charge moveing the charge from infinity to the point |
| Trad | 2001 | 11 a | electric field vibrates in all directions in unpolarised light vibrates in one plane only in polaried light |
| Trad | 2002 | 3 ci | velocity required by a body to escape earth gravitational field by reaching infinity |
| Trad | 2002 | 5 ai | diffraction pattern produced by electon beam |
| Trad | 2002 | 10 cii | wavelength has incerased therfore the source is moving away from the observer |
| Trad | 2006 | 3 ai | Force exerted on 1 kg (of mass) placed in the field |
| Trad | 2006 | 11 c | (Path length) in oil depends on angle of incidence or thickness ∴different colours are seen due to interference |
| Trad | 2009 | 8 b | One tesla is the magnetic induction of a magnetic field in which a conductor of length one metre, carrying a current of one ampere (perpendicular) to the field is acted on by a force of one newton. |
| Trad | 2009 | 9 ai | Division of amplitude is when some of the light reflects from the top of the air wedge and some is transmitted/refracted into the air. OR Some of the light is reflected from a surface of a new material/medium and some of the light is transmitted/refracted into the new material/medium. |
| Trad | 2009 | 10 a | A stationary wave is caused by interference effects between the incident and reflected sound. |
| Trad | 2009 | 10 b | The antinodes of the pattern are areas of maximum displacement/amplitude/disturbance The nodes of the pattern are areas of minimum/zero displacement/amplitude/disturbance |
| Trad | 2010 | 4 a | Total angular momentum before (an event) = total angular momentum after (an event) in the absence of external torques |
| Trad | 2010 | 6 bii | E-field is zero inside a hollow conductor. E-field has inverse square dependence outside the conductor. |
| Trad | 2010 | 11 a | unpolarised light => Electric field vector oscillates or vibrates in all planes polarised light => Electric field vector oscillates or vibrates in one plane |
| Trad | 2014 | 3 ai | The (minimum) velocity/speed that a mass must have to escape the gravitational field (of a planet). |
| Trad | 2014 | 4 ai | The unbalanced force/ acceleration is proportional to the displacement of the object and act in the opposite direction. |
| Rev | 2014 | 4 aii | The distance from the centre of a black hole at which not even light can escape. or The distance from the centre of a black hole to the event horizon. |
| Trad | 2014 | 5 di | Electron orbits a nucleus / proton , Angular momentum quantised or Certain allowed orbits / discrete energy level |
| Rev | 2014 | 6 aii | Photoelectric effect or Compton scattering Collision and transfer of energy |
| Rev | 2014 | 6 di | Electron orbits a nucleus / proton (1) Angular momentum quantised (1) or Certain allowed orbits / discrete energy level |
| Rev | 2014 | 8 a | The unbalanced force/ acceleration is proportional to the displacement of the object and act in the opposite direction. |
| Trad | 2014 | 11c | Wavelengths in the middle of the visible spectrum not reflected or destructively interfere. Red and blue reflected / combined to (form purple). |
| Trad | 2014 | 13 aii | The brightness would gradually reduce from a maximum at 0 degrees to no intensity at 90 degrees. It would then gradually increase in intensity from 90 degrees to 180 where it would again be at a maximum |
| Rev | 2015 | 1 c | The speed of the mass will be less. Second mark for correct justification. eg: Flywheel has greater moment of inertia Flywheel will be more difficult to start moving Smaller acceleration of flywheel More energy required to achieve same angular velocity. |
| Rev | 2015 | 2 a | Massive objects curve spacetime Other objects follow a curved path through this (distorted) spacetime |
| Rev | 2015 | 2 c | Time passes more slowly at lower altitudes (in a gravitational field). or Lower gravitational field strength at higher altitude. |
| Trad | 2015 | 3 biii | Potential is work done (per unit mass) moving from infinity to that point. or Infinity defined as zero potential. Work will be done by the field on the mass. or A negative amount of work will be done to move an object from infinity to any point. or WD by gravity in moving to that point or Force acts in opposite direction to r. |
| Rev | 2015 | 5 aiii | Difficult scale to read/information from diagram can only be read to 1 s.f. |
| Rev | 2015 | 6 ai | Force acting on (acceleration of) object is directly proportional to and in the opposite direction to its displacement. (from equilibrium) |
| Rev | 2015 | 7 aii | l reduced (or f increased) for X-rays or >E transferred D x reduced for X-rays since D x D p ³ h/4 p D p increases |
| Rev | 2015 | 7 b | since DEDt³ h/4 p Borrowing energy for a short period of time allows particles to escape |
| Rev | 2015 | 8 ai | Two sets of coherent waves are necessary (for an interference pattern) or (Interference patterns can be produced by) Division of wavefront. |
| Rev | 2015 | 9 ai | Force acts on particle at right angles to the direction of its velocity/motion or a central force on particle. |
| Rev | 2015 | 9 b | (Component of) velocity at right angles to field/ v sin θ, results in circular motion/central force. (Component of) velocity parallel to field/ v cosθ is constant/no unbalance force (in this direction). |
| Trad | 2015 | 9 bi | Magnetic fields/induction are equal in magnitude (½) and opposite in direction |
| Rev | 2015 | 10 ai | Force exerted per (unit) charge is constant at any point in the field |
| Rev | 2015 | 10 aiv | Any suitable answer eg Systematic uncertainty in measuring d or V Alignment of metre stick The flame has a finite thickness so cannot get exactly to the zero point. Factors causing field to be non-uniform. A p.d. across the resistor for all readings. Poor calibration of instruments measuring V or d. |
| Rev | 2015 | 10 b | Deflection is less. E is less. Force/acceleration is less |
| Rev | 2015 | 12 biii | Rate of change of current/magnetic field is at its maximum |
| Trad | 2016 | 5 ai | Frames of reference that are accelerating (with respect to an inertial frame) |
| Trad | 2016 | 5 aii | It is impossible to tell the difference between the effects of gravity and acceleration. |
| Trad | 2016 | 8 aii | The precise position of a particle/ system and its momentum cannot both be known at the same instant. OR If the uncertainty in the energy of the particle is reduced, the minimum uncertainty in the lifetime of the particle will increase (or vice-versa). |
| Trad | 2016 | 10 ai | displacement is proportional to and in the opposite direction to the acceleration |
